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Index >> Biodegradation of Pesticides and Pollutants >> Herbicides

Herbicides

Herbicides
Herbicides or weed killers are classified as selective when they kill weeds without detriment to the main crop and non-selective when the objective is to eradicate all vegetation. Contact herbicides kill parts of the plant (mostly annual weeds) to which the chemical is applied whereas translocated herbicides are absorbed by roots or above ground parts of plants (mostly perennials) and then translocated to different tissues. Application of herbicides may be done at pre-planting stage, pre-emergence and postermergence stages by banding, broadcasting, spot treatments or direct spraying.

The two major classes or herbicides are inorganic and organic ones. Examples of inorganic ones, used prior to the development of organic herbicides, are copper sulphate, arsenic trioxide, ammonium sulphate, am­monium thiocyanate, ammonium sulphate, iron sulphate, sodium tetraborate, sodium chlorate etc., but many of them have been discon­tinued because of their persistence in soil. Some examples of organic her­bicides are 2,4-D; 2-4, 5-T; 2,4-DB; and MCPA [2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid]; [2,4,5-trichloro-phenoxyacetic acid]; [4-(2,4-dichloro-phenoxy) butyric acid]; and [4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy acetic acid].

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