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Gene Exchange in Bacteria
Gene e change in bacteria takes place by processes known as transforma­tion, transduction and conjugation. The addition of foreign DNA to ac­tively growing bacterial culture results in chance entry of foreign DNA into cells by modification of bacterial cell envelope followed by the intake of DNA into the bacterial genome.

Transduction involves bacteriophages or bacterial viruses whose DNA enters the bacterial cell followed by the disintegration of the bac­terial chromosome. The phage DNA multiplies in the cells, the cell walls undergo lysis releasing the phages which have multiplied in the mean time.