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Protein Synthesis
Mitosis (cell division) results in the formation of tissues. Before cell division takes place, the chromosomes in the parent cell have to be dupli­cated so as to be equally shared by the daughter cells. This replication is carried out within the nucleus of the cell by the action of an enzyme known as DNA polymerase. The synthesis of proteins takes place within the cytoplasm of the cell away from the nucleus.

The genetic information in the DNA is conveyed to ribonucleic acid in ribosomes residing in the cytoplasm by a process known as transcription. During transcription, only one of the two strands of DNA becomes translated. into RNA by RNA polymerase. The synthesis of RNA always proceeds in a fixed direction beginning at the 5' end and concluding with 3' ended nucleotide.

These interactions take place when mRNA molecules move across the active surface ofribosomes aligning successive codons into position to form successive aminoacids along polypeptide chains and this process is known as translation. There are 64 potential codons and of these 61 are used to specify amino acids while 3 are made use of to provide signals to terminate the formation of polypeptide chains. Several amino acids are determined by more than one codon. All the codons put together constitute the genetic code and this code is common to all forms of life including microorganisms.