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Index >> Cellular Components >> DNA Replication

DNA Replication

DNA Replication - The replication of DNA involves faithful copying of the pre existing DNA by a specific enzyme system. The Watson Crick. model predicted that the DNA perhaps replicates by a semi conservative mechanism. Early evidence to support this prediction came from the work of Meselson and Stahl (1952).

According to this model during replication a complementary new strand is synthesized on each one of the old strands with the result that the new DNA molecule contains an old strand and a new strand. To verify this, E. coli cells were first grown in a medium containing lsNH4CI for many generations so that the DNA contained only 15N (heavy isotope). This 15N DNA could be readily separated and distinguished from DNA containing 14N (the normal N) by differences in bouyant density when contrifuged in CsCi equiIlibrium density gradients.

The 15N grown cells were transferred to 14N medium and samples were withdrawn at intervals, DNA isolated and examined by density gradient, centrifugation in CsCi. It was found that, hybrid DNA with of one old strand and a new strand arise soon after transfer to 14N medium and by the end of one generation, practically no 15N DNA was detected. These results were compatible with the semiconservative mechanism of DNA replication.

The detailed mechanism of DNA replication has however, been found to be more complex than expected since it involves the replication of two strands which have opposite polarity. During the past decade, a variety of purified in vitro systems have been developed to precisely understand the mechanism of DNA replication. In these in vitro systems, bacterial extracts have been used to support the replication of phage DNA.

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