Sand Filtration

Sand Filtration

Sand Filtration

Filtration of water is an important stage in the treatment of potable water to achieve final clarification. Usually it follows sedimentation with or without coagulation. Filtration is a process in which water is purified by passing through a porous material or medium.

The removal of suspended matter in a porous media bed is not simply a straining action. Removal of solids depends upon mechanisms such as gravity, diffusion, sedimentation and hydrodynamic processes.

Once transported into the pores of a bed the suspended matter is held there by attachment mechanisms due to physico-chemical and intermolecular forces. Thus a bed of porous media can remove particles smaller than the actual pore size.

A bed of fine sand can act as a medium for filtration and these filters are called as sand filters. Sand filters are highly efficient in water treatment and cause a removal of about 99% of microorganisms from the raw water.

Sand filtration has some advantages over other treatment methods.

(i) The quality of water produced is very good,

(ii) Microorganisms are removed to such an extent that there is no after growth in distribution system,

(iii) Since no chemical agents are used, there will not be any unpleasant taste,

(iv) Cost of construction is comparatively low and

(v) Simple in design and operation.

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