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Types of Water

Types of Water

Based on the quality, water can be described as follows:

Potable water

Clean, safe water pleasing in appearance and taste.

Polluted water

Water with added substances which impair color, odor or taste.

Contaminated water

Water which is rendered unsafe through the addition of discharges from human or animal intestines or rendered dangerous by addition of poisonous chemicals.

Although the term pure water is generally used to refer to water that is safe to drink, according to Nester et al., (1973) it is far from pure in the chemical or microbiological sense.

Water may contain various contaminants and pollutants and it is extremely difficult to obtain pure, potable water.

Faecal contamination of drinking water supplies is a potential problem. Presence of disease causing pathogenic microorganisms is also not uncommon. In addition to microbial contaminants, organic and inorganic colloids are also present in water. Clays, microbial debris, and reduced iron and manganese compounds are also common.

When water is obtained from open surface water bodies, floating or large suspended solids such as leaves and branches may be present. Hence, to render water fit for drinking and domestic use treatment of the water is necessary.

The purpose of water treatment is to convert raw water into drinking water suitable for domestic use. Most important is the removal of pathogenic organisms and toxic substances like heavy metals which cause serious health problems.

Other substances to be removed include suspended matter causing turbidity, iron and manganese compounds imparting a bitter taste and excessive carbon dioxide corroding concrete and metal parts. However, the extent to which the water is treated will be limited by economic and technical considerations.

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