Biometry and Statistical Applications in Genetics

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Biometry and Statistical Applications in Genetics

Biometry and Statistical Applications in Genetics
Throughout the preceding chapters of Mendelian genetics, numerical concepts have been introduced repeatedly. Mendel was able to conceive the laws which bear his name only after he grasped the numerical relationships of the F₂. The various relationships which have been treated thus are summarized in table, the study of which may help to clarify much that has gone before:
Table. Numerical data on hybrids and their progeny.

Number of Heterozygous gene pairs	1	2	3	4	5	6	n
1. Number of classes of gametes

2. Number of Phenotypes in classes in F₂.	2	4	8	16	32	64	2ⁿ
3. Number of homozygotes in F₂
4. Number of genotypic in backcross
5. Number of genotypic classes in F₂	3	9	27	81	243	729	3ⁿ
6. Number of possible combinations of F₁ gametes	4	16	64	256	1024	4096	4ⁿ

And thus because every genetic principle is predicted upon numerical data and serves as basis for numerical predictions, it becomes quite necessary and desirable too, to examine some elementary principles of statistics and biometry. Statistics may be defined as the science of the systematic study of the relationships of numerical data.

That is, it is a science which gives definite methods for the systematic collection and collation of quantitative data after taking into consideration the available resources such as time, money and materials and on the basis of planning done before the actual collection of data (see Pillai and Sinha, 1968). Further, the application of the statistical method or mathematical logic, to the analysis and interpretation of biological variation, gave the way to the birth of a new discipline which is often called biometry or biological statistics (Treloar, 1936). The science of statistics had scarcely passed its infancy when Mendel published his major paper, and biometry was as yet only in gestation. L.A.J. Quetelet (1796-1874), a Belgian astronomer, meteorologist and statistician, seems to have had the distinction of being the first to apply the statistical methods to the study of biological material. Further, prior to the work of Student (1908) who developed what is known as the 't' distribution, there .existed a great gap between the biological research worker and the mathematician. Professor Sir Ronald Fisher (1947, 1954) was mainly responsible for bridging this gap.

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