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Index >> Cell Division

Cell Division

Cell Division
The growth and development of every organism depends exclusively on the multiplication and enlargement of its cells. The development of a multicellular individual from a single celled zygote is achieved by the co-ordinated sequence of cell divisions (cleavage) and growth and differentiation of the dividing cells. In unicellular organisms such as bacteria, algae, fungi and protozoans, the cell division also serves as a form of asexual reproduction. The sexually reproducing forms also depend on cell division for the formation of sex cells or gametes.

The division of the nucleate cells is achieved by two distinct, but integral activities, nuclear division or karyokinesis and cytoplasmic division or cytokinesis.

Though, the karyokinesis is normally followed by cytokinesis, but sometimes the latter process may be either delayed as in developing eggs of insects or lack totally as in certain coenocytic algae, fungi, protozoans and other plants and animals.

Two types of nuclear division, mitosis and meiosis are characteristics of most plant and animal cells. Mitosis and meiosis are dynamic processes in which a number of nuclear, chromosomal, and cellular events mesh in time and space. Mitosis is essentially a means for making nuclear carbon copies: one nucleus yields two nuclei identical to each other and to their progenitor in both chromosome number and morphology (E.D. Garher, 1972). Further the cell which is not undergoing any type of cell division (mitosis or meiosis) is said to be in interphase. The interphase is common to both types of cell divisions and forms one of the significant stage of both.

 

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