Ribonucleic Acid RNA

Ribonucleic Acid RNA

Ribonucleic Acid RNA
Some plant Viruses (e.g., TMV, turnip yellow mosaic viruses, wound tumour viruses, etc.,) animal viruses (e.g., influenza viruses, foot and mouth viruses; rous sarcoma viruses, poliomyelitis viruses, reoviruses, etc.) and bacteriophages (e.g., MS2, etc.), contain ribonucleic acid (RNA) as their genetic material. Like DNA, RNA is polymeric nucleic acid of four monomeric ribotids or ribonucleotides.

Ribonucleicacid

Each ribonucleotide contains a pentose sugar (D-ribose); a molecule of phosphoric acid and a nitrogen base. The nitrogen bases of RNA are two purines, adenine and guanine and two pyrimidines, cytosine and uracil. The four bases, ribonucleosides and ribonucleotides of RNA can be tabulated as follows:

Base	Ribonucleoside	Ribonucleotide	Abbreviation for ribonucleotide
1. Adenine(A)	Adenosine	Adenylic acid (Adenosine Monophosphate)	AMP
2. Guanine (G)	Guanosine	Guanylic acid (Guanosine monophosphate)	GMP
3. Cytosine (C)	Cytdine	Cytidlic acid (Cytdine monophosphate)	CMP
4. Uracil (U)	Uridine	Uridylic acid (Uridine monophosphate)	UMP

The four ribonucleotides also occur freely in nucleoplasm but in the form of triphosphates of ribonucleosides such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), guanosine triphosphate (GTP), cytidine triphosphate (CTP), and uridine triphosphate (UTP).

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