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Banding Patterns Human Chromosomes
Recently special techniques have been developed to identify accurately each chromosome pair in the human karyotype. A banding pattern was observed by using fluorescent staining with quinacrine mustards (Casperssons, et.al., 1968). It was also found that quinacrine specifically stains the Y chromosome, not only at metaphase, but also during interphase. Other techniques are based on the treatment of the cells with alkali or acids and on staining with Giemsa. These and other techniques have led to the observation of several types of banding patterns [e.g., quinacrine (Q bands): centromeric (C bands); Giemsa (G bands) telomeric (T bands) and reverse (R bands)]. These patterns were used in the Paris conference of 1971 to establish a new map of human chromosomes.