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Variation in Chromosome Number or Ploidy
Each species of micro-organisms, plants and animals is characterized by a particular chromosome complement or set of genome, represented once in gametic haploid cell and twice in somatic diploid cells. Possession of such sets of chromosomes or genomes, gives to each species a specific chromosome number. But sometimes, some irregularities may occur during mitosis, meiosis or fertilization and may produce cells with Varient chromosome number. Such variation in chromosome number (ploidy) may occur through the duplication or loss of complete chromosome sets or genomes (euploidy) or of single chromosome (aneuploidy). Both kinds of ploidies (viz., euploidy and aneuploidy) can be studied under separate headings as follows:
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