Microbiology Procedure
  Home  Link to us  Resources  Site map  Search  Language

Index >> Growth of Microorganism >> Lichens

Lichens

Lichens - These are examples of symbiosis of algae with fungi. A lichen is a composite organism, consisting of a specific fungus, usually an ascomycete, living in association with one or sometimes two species of algae or blue green bacteria. The symbionts form a vegetative body, or thallus

There are three morphological types of lichen thalli, crustose, adhering closely to the substrates (rock, tree bark), foliose, leaf like and more loosely attached to substrate, and the fruticose, forming pendulous strands or upright stalks. The bulk of thallus is made up of fungal hyphae.

The partners may be easily separated and grown in pure cultures. The algal partner may be modified by lichenization.

Thus, certain filamentous blue green bacteria do not form normal filaments in the thallus, but each cell is separated and surrounded by fungal hyphae. In culture, it forms filaments.

Algal symbionts belong to 26 generation 17 of green algae; 1 of yellow green algae and 8 of blue green algae.

One green algal genus, trebouxia is found m more than half of the described lichens. Most fungi are ascomycetes, and a few are deuteromycetes and basidiomycetes. The lichen may remain viable in dry state for months.

They scavenge minerals by producing lichen acids, that dissolve as well as chelate the minerals. chelation, the process of binding metal atoms to organic ligands, plays an important role in the solubilization and uptake of minerals by lichens.

Both partners are able of free living existence. The association is, therefore, of mutual benefit only in very special ecological situations i.e. in environments where nutrients are extremely scarce and where extremes of wetting and drying occur.

Under such conditions, the fungus benefits from algae for its source of organic nutrients. The contribution of the fungus is less clear. It may facilitate the uptake of water and minerals and may also protect the alga from dessication and excess light intensities.

Home | Site map | Submit Article | Resources | Search