Microbiology Procedure
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Index >> Growth of Microorganism >> Normal Flora of Human

Normal Flora of Human

Normal Flora of Human - There are many microbes in ectosymbiotic relationship with mammals. Both, skin and mucous membranes are exposed to external environment.
These become contaminated at different stages and establish a normal flora. They are harmless unless under certain conditions.

The throat and mouth support a variety of microbes including most of the eubacterial groups. Gram positive cocci (micrococci, pneumococci, Streptococcus salivarius) are common throat inhabitants.
There are also Gram negative rods of genera Bacteroides and Spirillum.

Gram positive rods include mainly lactobacilli and corynebacteria. Spirochetes (Treponema dentium), yeasts (Candida albicans) and actinomycetes are also common in mouth. On the skin, there are present mainly corynebacteria, micrococci, nonhemolytic streptococci and mycobacteria.

The stomach and small intestine are unsuitable environments for microbial development. Large intestine harbors a resident flora.

In adults intestines, Bacteroides, E. coli, Streptococcus faecalis are common. The yeasts are Candida and Torulopsis. Protozoans are represented by Balantidium. Entamoeba (only in man) and Trichomonas.

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