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Atopic Diseases/Common Allergy

Atopic Diseases/Common Allergy

The above mentioned Type I hypersensitivity need not result in the whole body involvement that accompanies anaphylaxis. Indeed the vast majority of hypersensitivity reactions are accompanied by limited production of IgE and the sensitization of mast cells in localised areas of the body.

The result is an atopic disease, or common allergy. An example of atopic disease is hay fever. This condition results from inhalation of tree and grass and weed pollens in particular seasons of the year. Inmnune stimulation by pollen antigens leads to IgE production, and a sensitization of mast cells follows in eyes, nose and upper respiratory tract. Subsequent exposures bring sneezing, tearing, swollen mucous membranes and other symptoms.

Allergic reactions are also responsible for most of die asthmatic attacks. Asthma is characterised by wheezing and stressed breathing and caused by same allergens associated with hay fever.

Food allergies are accompanied by swollen lips, abdominal cramps, nausea, and diarrhea. There are two theories to explain as how the allergies develop. According to one, the atopic persons lack sufficient IgA lymphocytes to block the antigens (allergens). In normal individuals, IgA lymphocytes shield IgE lymphocytes from antigenic stimulation. The second theory explains the atopic diseases on the basis of a defect in the suppressor T -lymphocytes.

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