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Major Histocompatibility Complex MHC

Major Histocompatibility Complex MHC

During the 1 970s, immunologists could know that acceptance or rejection of a graft depends largely on a relatively small number of genes called the major histocompatibility genes. Collectively, the genes are known as the major histocompatibility complex. This complex provides the code for a series of cell surface antigens called the histocom­patibility antigens, also known as human leukocyte antigens (HLA) because they were originally studied in leukocytes.

MHC in humans exists on chromosome number 6, close to immune response (Ir) genes. The complex consists of four clusters of genes, each gene having a number of versions. MHC of genes and antigens is the key feature in acceptance or rejection of a transplant, the closer the match between donor and recipient antigens, the more chance of a successful transplant. This is why tissue typing (a process used to determine how close two tissues match genetically) is used as a prerequisite to transplant surgery.

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