Immobilization Methods

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Immobilization Methods

	Immobilization Methods - These methods belong to the following five general categories. 1. Adsorption. The enzymes are adsorbed to several kinds of adsorbents with charged or neutral surfaces. Such materials are used for separation of proteins by adsorption chromatography. Calcium phosphate gels, carbon, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), carboxymethyl sephadex, collagen, silica, gel, titania, alumina etc. are used.
2. Covalent binding. Enzyme is bound covalently to a support material using any of the various methods. The enzyme forms a covalent link with active groups of support material. 3. Cross-binding. Enzymes may be cross-linked to a multifunctional reagent without any solid support. Diazobenzidine, glutaraldehyde, toluene 2, 4-di-iso thiocyanate, hexamethylene di-isocyanate are some of the reagents used.
4. Entrapment. Enzyme is entrapped inside a cross-linked gel matrix. The gel is allowed to develop in an aqueous solution containing one or more enzymes. 5. Microencapsulation. This is modified entrapment where enzyme is immobilised within microcapsules prepared from organic polymers