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Recombinant DNA Technology and Industrial Microbiology

Recombinant DNA Technology and Industrial Microbiology- It is genetically possible to "tailor" the microorganisms for the production of any microbial metabolite - vitamin, amino acid or enzyme. Gene cloning extends the genome of the microorganism by allowing the introduction of novel genes from comparatively unrelated species.

The cloning of genes from higher eukaryotes, particularly from man and his domestic animals, has been seen to offer even greater industrial potential. Which microbes should then be used as universal recipients for such genes and hence as production organisms. The two most ideal are the prokaryote, Escherichia coli and the eukaryote, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Some of the important products which gene cloning may make available in near future. The above proteins could be obtained on large scale through fermentation by methods, relatively more cheaper than the conventional ones. For example, human growth hormone was previously extracted from the pituitary gland of cadavers and was mostly in short supply. Now, increase in supply should help more patients.

Equally important is the development of new vaccines through gene-cloning. Genes for single antigens can be cloned and expressed by bacteria and a purified antigen which has not been derived directly from the pathogenic organism or virus may be used as a vaccine. In this way, vaccines for viral hepatitis and foot-and-mouth disease have been developed.
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