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Normal Flora

Normal Flora

The concpet of infection in the host-parasite relationship is expressed in the body's normal flora. Normal flora is a population of microorganisms that infect the body without causing disease. Some organisms establish a permanent relationship, as E. coli is always found in large intestines of humans. Others like streptococci are transient.

Symbiotic associations between body and its normal flora exist at different levels. These may be in the form of mutualism or commensalism. Lactobacillus  in human vagina are examples of mutualism. They derive nutrition from vaginal environment and the acid produced by them prevent the overgrowth of other microbes. E. coli exists as a commensal, though may also sometimes exist in mutualistic association.

Normal flora exists on skin oral cavity, upper respiratory tract, latter part of small intestine and the large intestine. In intestines there are Bacteroides, Clostridium (spores), Streptococci, Gram positive rods including Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus and Pseudomonas, E. coli Candida albicans. Normal flora undergoes changes in response to internal environment of the body.

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