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Index >> Microbes and Atmosphere >> Bacterial Disease of the Upper Respiratory System

Bacterial Disease of the Upper Respiratory System

Diseases of The Upper Respiratory System
The upper respiratory tract consists of external nares and upper part of the pharynx.

Bacterial Diseases
Streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat)
It is an upper respiratory tract infection caused by group AB­ haemolytic streptococci - Streptococcus pyogenes.
The pathogen is resistant to phagocytosis.
This organism can be detected in the throat of many people who are
asymptomatic carriers.
This is characterised by local inflammation and fever with tonsillitis.

Another complication is otitis media (infection of the middle ear).
Penicillin is the drug of choice.
Scarlet fever
When the Streptococcus pyogenes strain produces an erythrogenic (reddening) toxin the infection is called scarlet fever.
It is a communicable disease spread mainly by inhalation of infective droplets from an infected person.
 
Diphtheria
Until 1935, it was the leading infectious killer of children.
Disease begins with a sore throat and fever followed by general malaise and swelling of neck.

Causative organism is Corynebacterium diphtheriae which is a gram positive non-spore-forming rod.

The bacterium is well-suited to airborne transmissions and is very resistant to drying.

Otitis media
One of the uncomfortable complications of common cold.
Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella
catarrhalis, S. pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus.

 

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