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Index >> Microbes and Lithosphere>> Soil Microbial Communities

Soil Microbial Communities

Soil Microbial Communities

In general soil microbial communities are divided into three broad groups:

Autochthonous These are part of the soil microbial community capable of utilising humic substances (insoluble materials). They exhibit slow state of activity but are continuously growing (ascomycetes, basidiomycetous fungi, actinomycetes and some gram negative rods).

Zymogenous/opportunistic

They are organisms which can utilise only simpler often soluble substrate. They exhibit higher levels of activity and rapid growth on easily utilisable substrates that are available in the form of fresh plant litter, animal droppings and fresh carcasses. Intermittent activity and inactive resting stages are characteristic of such zymogenous organisms, e.g. Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Mucor.

Allochthonous
Another community which is quite different from the zymogenous is the population which is totally foreign to the soil. For example pathogens of humans, animals and plants that do not find suitable conditions in the soil to survive get deposited in the soil from various sources and are temporary dwellers of soil. They perish soon if a suitable host is not within their reach. In other words, those organisms which cannot survive in their vegetative stage in the soil (since soil is not their true environment) and those which do not have any adaptations (like spores) to tide over the unfavourable environment are termed as allochthonous (foreign).

 

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