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Mitochondria
and
Chloroplasts |
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Mitochondria
and
Chloroplasts -
Eucaryotic
cells
contain
cytoplasmic
organelles
other
than
the
nucleus.
Some
of
the
important
organelles
are
the
mitochondria,
chloroplasts
and
the
golgi
apparatus.
Mitochondria
are
found
in
the
respiring
eucaryotes
while
the
chloroplasts
are
found
in
the
photosynthetic
eucaryotic
organisms.
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Both
these
structures
contain
an
internal
membrane
system
of
characteristic
structure
and
function.
The
internal
membrane
of
the
mitochondria
(cristae)
contains
the
respiratory
electron
transport
system
while
the
internal
membrane
of
chloroplasts,
called
the
thylakoid,
has
the
photosynthetic
pigments,
electron
transport
system
as
well
as
photochemical
reaction
canters.
In
addition
these
structures
also
contain
an
organelle
characteristic
type
of
DNA
and
a
protein
synthesizing
apparatus.
Unlike
in
the
nucleus,
the
organelle
DNA
is
not
associated
with
histones.
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The
number
of
copies
of
these
structures
per
cell
depends
on
the
cultural
conditions
and
varies
from
120
mitochondria
and
40-50
chloroplasts
per
cell.
These
structures
contain
ribosomes
which
resemble
the
bacterial
ribosomes
and
the
process
of
protein
synthesis
in
these
organelles
is
similar
to
that
in
the
Procaryotic
cells.
Mitochondria
and
chloroplasts
are
formed
by
the
division
of
the
preexisting
organelles.
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