Microorganism Controlling by Antibiotics

Microorganism Controlling by Antibiotics

	Microorganism Controlling by Antibiotics - Alexander Fleming was a student of Almroth Wright, the British investigator who described opsonins. Fleming described the nonspecific enzyme, lysozyme. In 1928 he observed that a Petri dish culture of staphylococci had become contaminated with a green mold, and that the bacteria were disappearing as the mold grew over the plate.
The mold isolated, was identified as Penicillium, and found that the broth contained an active principle with antibacterial characteristics, Although, he failed to isolate the substance, he called it penicillin. He recognised the mold's potential for the treatment of human diseases, trying filtrates on infected wounds. Rene Dubos in 1939 indicated that soil bacteria could produce anti bacterial chemicals like Fleming's penicillin. A group at Oxford University led by the British pathologist, Howard Florey and the German biochemist, Ernst Boris Chain, reisolated penicillin and carried out careful trials with highly purified samples. In 1940, their successful attempts were published.
American pharmaceutical companies developed technology for large scale production of penicillin. Fleming, Florey and Chain received Nobel Prize in 1945 for the discovery and development of penicillin. Since this was a naturally occurring product, a term antibiotic was introduced in medicine