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Microorganism
Respiration |
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Microorganism
Respiration -
Microorganisms
can
be
classified
on
the
basis
of
their
oxygen
requirement
as
either
obligate
aerobes,
obligate
anaerobes,
or
facultative
anaerobes.
Obligate
and
facultative
aerobic
organisms
adapted
to
respiratory
metabolism,
possess
a
complete
electron
transport
chain
in
which
electron
flow
occurs
from
NADH
or
from
substrates,
such
as
succinate
or
lactate
to
a
flavoprotein
and
then
via
severalcytochromes
to
oxyge
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In
this
process,
A
TP
is
generated
and
this
process
is
termed
as
oxidative
phosphorylation.
Respiration
is
more
efficient
than
glycolysis
in
terms
of
ATP
yield
since
it
generates
19
times
as
much
ATP
per
mole
of
glucose
metabolised
compared
to
glycolysis.
The
energy
not
used
in
the
formation
of
ATP
is
lost
as
heat.
Because
of
an
increased
amount
of
energy
generated
there
is
a
proportionate
increase
in
the
weight
of
cell
material
produced
per
unit
weight
of
carbon
metabolised
under
aerobic
conditions
than
under
anaerobic
conditions.
However,
in
practice
the
increase
in
cell
yield
is
only
about
3-5
folds
instead
of
19
folds
theoretically
expected
since
a
part
of
the
substrate
taken
up
is
directly
assimilated
rather
than
oxidized
to
yield
energy
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Thus,
under
anaerobic
conditions
growth
may
represent
less
than
only
about
ten
percent
of
the
substrate
consumed
while
under
aerobic
conditions
it
may
reach
as
high
as
60-70
per
cent.
In
microorganisms
that
metabolise
glucose
by
different
mechanisms
yielding
varying
amounts
of
ATP,
the
growth
yield
has
been
found
to
be
proportional
to
the
ATP
yield.
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