Microbiology Procedure
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Microscopy

Microscopy

There were no suitable means of magnifying invisible organisms prior to the 17th century. We have already seen how Anton van Leeuwenhoek is honored for providing the first accurate report of the occurrence of bacteria with the help of his single-lens microscopes of simplest possible design.

He could make lenses and using them to build magnifying glasses to provide a magnification of about 200 times. It is true that Robert Hooke had used a compound microscope in 18th century, but these were incapable of good performance, due to defects such as chromatic and spherical aberration inherent in their basic design.

During the 18th century these defects were gradually overcome by the following refinements: (1) corrected complex eyepiece and objective lenses, (2) a condenser to focus light on the object, (3) a thin glass cover slip to place over a liquid drop on a glass slide so that object within the liquid could be viewed in a flat plane. (4) the oil immersion lens to increase resolving power. Later there took place many refinements in microscopy particularly during the current century.

At present there are available different kinds of microscopes. Modern technology has provided to the microbiologist a wide range of instruments to observe the microorganism. These instruments range from the most common bright  field microscope to several specialised instruments and the highly sophisticated electron microscope.

All these operate on a common principle: a type of energy is projected toward the object; the energy bounces off the object and creates an impression on a sensing device. This may be television screen, a photographic plate, or the human eye. The image reveals the shape, size and arrangement of the microorganism.

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