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Sporulation in Bacteria

Sporulation in Bacteria

Bacteria produce a variety of dormant structures listed. The process by which a vegetative cell becomes converted into a dormant structure is called 'sporogenesis' while the return to the vegetative stage is called 'spore germination'. Typical endospore formation occurs in three genera of Gram positive bacteria, namely Bacillus, Clostridium and Sporosarcina

Early interest in sporulation was mainly in relation to food preservation since endospores were found to be highly heat resistant. As a consequence they survived heat treatment and caused spoilage of preserved food materials. Subsequently, spore formation and germination has been used as a model system to understand differentiation.

It is now agreed that spore formation in bacteria is a form of differentiation in which there is an ordered, temporal sequence of events and a degree of commitment. The process however, does not involve a reductive division as in the sexual spore formation in encaryotes

The ability  to produce spores  also is of ecological advantage to the organism as it enables it to survive under adverse conditions. Thus sporulation normally occurs  under condition of nutrients depletion. A variety of factors such as pH, media  composition, ionic strength, aeration etc, are known to affect sporulation

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