Measurements from photomicrographs:
In this method, image scale or picture scale is used rather than magnification. Therefore, it gives better accuracy in measurements. To calculate image scale we must know the magnification by objective (Mo) magnification by eye piece (Me), the camera factor, which is the distance (d) in mm, between the photo-eyepiece and the film plane divided 250 mm and the magnification factor of the tube (F). The age scale (IS) of photomicrograph negative is then calculated by the following formula.





