Limitations of Azolla Anabaena Association

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Limitations of Azolla Anabaena Association

Limitations

While the application of Azalla as an organic manure in rice cultivation has potentialities, its adoption by farmers as a regular practice depends on how certain major limiting factors are overcome.

The phosphate requirement for the optimum growth of Azollabiomass has to be determined together with pesticide schedules to minimize the incidence of pests and diseases.

In dual cultivation of Azallawith rice, the water requirements of the fern and the rice have to be borne in mind in situations where water is scarce.

If the practice of incorporation of Azallahas to be advocated in a given situation, maintenance of separate ponds to raise the Azolla biomass is necessary.

This obviously brings in the question of land allocation which otherwise could be used for crop cultivation.

The requirement of biomass to the tune of 10 th of fresh weight with the attendant problem of autolysis and the labour intensive nature of the entire operation renders the practice only suitable for developing nations where cost of labour is relatively cheap.

Multiplication of Azalladepends on vegetative propagation and spore production by sexual reproduction is more an exception than a rule.

Research in understanding factors promoting spore production may perhaps make the practice a lot easier by use of a small mass of spores to develop a nursery of Azallainstead of resorting to use of large quantities of fresh biomass.

Transportation adds to the expense of the operation in situations where nurseries of Azolla are located away from cultivators fields.

A. Azolla Pinnata Showing the Main Rhizome	B. Macrosporocarp and Microsporocarp	C. A Pair of Sporocarps, Macro and Micro

D. Young Developing Megaspore	E. Longitudinal Section Through a Young Microsporocarp	F. A micrsporangium with Microspores

G. Free Massulae	H. An Azolla Seedling	I. Very Young Seedling

	J. A section Through an Older Dorsal

Life Cycle of Azolla

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Blue Green Algal Association with Bryophytes Blue Green Algal Association with Higher Plants Aazolla Anabaena Asociation Survial of Aazolla Limitations of Aazolla Anabaena Asociation Survial of Aazolla Limitations of Aazolla Anabaena Asociation

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