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Alfalfa Mosaic Virus - AM

Alfalfa Mosaic Virus - AMV  - AMV has at least four types of particles, of which 3 are bacilliform and one spheroidal. All the components are made up of the same coat protein (MW 24,800 daltons).

The anisometric particles arc probably constructed of hexamer tubes and terminated by icosahedral halves.

The four types of particles are bottom (B), middle (M), top b, (Tb) and top a (Ta). The characteristics of these types are given below.

Particle type     Sedimentation coefficient          MW of RNA
Bottom(D)        24.35   1.3 x 106
Middle (M)      20.05   1.0 x 106
Top b (Tb)       17.35   0,7 x 106

Top a (Ta) 12.75    0.34 x 106
The first three nucleoprotein particles are ,required for initiating infection. When RNA is used as the inoculum, either all four RNA species are required for infection (mixtures of three RNAs may not be infective) or capsid proteins can be substituted for top a RNA.

This RNA is believed to be an efficient messenger for capsid protein (similar to BMV RNA-4). Experimental evidence indicates that top a RNA is translated but not replicated. Its nucleotide sequence is also present in top b RNA. Both top a and top b contain the cistron for capsid protein.

Top b also determines serotype, the type of symptom on tobacco, the relative proportion of the components and the sensitivity to cycloheximide. The middle component RNA determines the kind of symptoms on bean.

 

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