Index >> Sulphur Phosphorus and Trace Element Nutrition >> Manganese

The conversion of manganous (Mn⁺⁺) to manganic ions (Mn ⁺⁺⁺⁺) may be a microbiological process involving bacteria such as Azotobacter chroococcum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. trifolii, Leptothrix sp., Aerobacter sp.,' Proteus sp., Corynebac­terium sp., Flavobacterium sp., Chromobacterium sp., Metallogenium sp.,

Hypomicrobium and several other unidentified ones. Some workers have also found that yeasts such as Cryptococcus albidus are involved in the process. Other fungal genera reported to be involved' in the oxidation of the manganous ion are Cladosporium, Curvularia, Helminthosporium and Cephalosporium. A significant observation in this regard has been that mixed cultures of bacteria and fungi are more effective in the conversion of manganous to manganic ions than pure cultures.