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Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever

Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever
This deadly disease has recently shaken again the Central Aftrica, killing hundreads of lives in Zaire. The mortality rate is 50 to 90% and no prophylactic (vaccine) or therapeutic method of control could be developed so far.

The disease manifests itself as high fever with headache. Severely infected person develops muscle pain, weakness, sore throat followed by vomitting, diarrhoea, rashes, kidney and liver afflications and internal as well as external bleeding.

Incubation period ranges between 2-21 days. After entering the body, the virus attacks almost every organ jamming it with congealed blood and disintegrate. There is uncontrolled bleeding from nose and gum. Delirium and death follow even during treatment. The disease spreads through direct contact with infected person (contagious) or through body fluids and secretions. The killer disease is caused by a virus, which is a worm shaped filovirus native to rain forests of Central Africa, also home of HIV.

Ebola related filoviruses were first isolated from cynomolgus monkeys, Macacca fascicularia imported into the U.S.A. from Philipines in 1989. It is not known how monkeys become infected, from bitting insect or from animal or plant.

The Ebola virus has been classified as Level 4 Pattagen which can be studied only in controlled, protected environment. Even AIDS virus is classified at Level 3. Ebola epidemic in Zaire first broke out in 1976, when all the 90% deaths were linked to contaminated syringes and needles.

Out of 300 persons infected by the virus, about 275 died in single village in Zaire. Like AIDS, Ebola virus may also spread to other parts of the world. Primary cause of the epidemic is said to be ecological and environmental degradation by man.

There are three types of Ebola virus, (i) Ebola Zaire, the most deadly that broke out in 1976, (ii) Ebola Sudan, isolated around the same time, and (iii) Ebola Reston, appeared in quarantines of USA. So for two epidemics originated in hospitals with poor hygiene. The use of contaminated needles is believed to be the most important factor in the outbreak of this disease. In the latest, 10 April 1995 epidemic a surgical patient became infected by medical personnel.

 

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