Hydrogen
Cycle
Cation
Exchangers - which give a water of zero hardness are also available. They are produced from natural or synthetic carbonaceous compounds. They are used as the first stage in demineralization operations. They exchange all cations for hydrogen ions and as a result the stream become acidic.
The exchange capacity of a hydrogen cycle exchanger is about 100 gm equivalent / m3 and requires about 3 equivalent regenerants/equivalent exchanged.
