Gasification

Gasification

	Gasification Gasification is a process of thermal degradation of carbonaceous material under controlled amount of air or pure oxygen, and high temperature up to 1000°C. As a result of gasification, a large amount of gases is produced. Gasification of biomass is done in a gasifier designed in various ways. Success for gasification process is based on its designing. Therefore, the design of a gasifier is an important factor in controlling gas quality. Gas is used in a controlled manner for irrigation, pumping and electricity generation.
The solid waste stream can be divided into municipal solid waste (MSW) and industrial waste. MSW is a mixture of metals, glass, unmixed and mixed plastics, tyres, newspaper or paper and cellulosic waste (e.g. food, paper, yard waste). Source separation, collection and recycling mechanisms are currently available for metals, glass, unmixed plastics, and newspaper or paper with a moderate efficiency. The remainder of the MSW mixture goes to landfills. Gasification, or the capture of energy from solid fuel and conversion into a clean combustible gas, has, until recently, proved elusive. Persistent challenges to gasification have included gasifier slag build-up, fouling, fuel inconsistency intolerance, the possibility of harmful by-products such as dioxins and heavy metals and prohibitive system costs. The extraction of maximum heat from a given fuel depends upon the efficiency of mixing the fuel with oxygen or air. This is perfectly achieved in the case of gaseous fuels. That is why conversion of solid waste into gaseous fuel is considered one of the best options.
After pre-treatment it is fed into the main gasification chamber wherein biomass is converted into gas, which in turn, produces power after cooling and cleaning through gas engine connected to electric generator. A gasifier essentially carry out pyrolysis under limited air in the first stage followed by higher temperature reactions of the pyrolysis products to generate low molecular weight gases such as CO (carbon monoxide), CH₄, hydrogen, nitrogen, etc. The gas known as producer gas has a calorific value of 1000-1200 kcal/ nm³ which could be used in IC engines for direct power generation or in boilers for steam generation to produce power.

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